You often expect internet hoaxes to be modern inventions, but on the Wikipedia article about the Kingdom of Powys, one particular hoax stood standing, that was invented in 1801.

Welsh history is no stranger to inventions, hoaxes, mistakes, and mysteries, but when it comes to Teyrnllwg, its impact on the internet, and on the history of Wales, is very unusual.

Chapters:
0:00 The Wikipedia Article
0:55 The Medieval Kingdom that Never Existed
2:45 The King of Teyrnllwg
5:49 The Source
7:28 Iolo Morganwg
11:05 Myv. Arch.
13:14 Full Circle
14:55 Crusader Kings II
16:41 Community

Sources (turn on captions):
Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales.
[1] p.8182,
[2] 8283.

The Diocese of Chester (2017).
[3] https://www.chester.anglican.org/scho...

Dumville, D. (2002). Annales Cambriae, A.D. 682954: Texts AC in Parallel. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Dept. of AngloSaxon, Norse and Celtic,
[4] p. 89

Forbes, A.P. (1874). Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
[5] p.331.

Gunn, W. (1819). The Historia Brittonum. London: John and Arthur Arch.
[6] p.158.

Ithel, A. (1851). The Pillar of Eliseg. Archaeologia Cambrensis, 2.
[7] p. 296297

Kenyon, D. (1991). The Origins of Lancashire. Manchester University Press.
[8] p.71.

Jones, O. (1801). The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales Volume II. S. Rousseau: London.
[9] p.474.

[10] Jones, T. (2015). Brut Y Tywysogion, Or Chronicle of Princes: Peniarth MS 20 Version. 2nd ed. University of Wales Press.

Lloyd, J.Y.W. (1881). The History of Powys Fadog. London: T. Richards.
[11] p. 6

Owen, R. (1897). Welsh Pool and PowysLand. Welshpool: R. & M. Owen.
[12] p.17.

Phillimore, E.G.B. (1886). A Fragment from Hengwrt MS. No. 202. Y Cymmrodor, 7.
[13] p.119

Smith, J.R. (1864). Brut y Tywysogion. Archaeologia Cambrensis, 10.
[14] p. 89

Williams, G. J., (1959). Dictionary of Welsh Biography.
[15] JONES, OWEN (Owain Myfyr; 1741 1814)
[16] PUGHE, WILLIAM OWEN (1759 1835), lexicographer, grammarian, editor, antiquary, and poet.
[17] WILLIAMS, EDWARD (Iolo Morganwg, 1747 1826), poet and antiquary.

Williams, T. (1848). Iolo Manuscripts. Llandovery: William Rees.
[18] p.86, 476,
[19] 129, 531.

[note 1] *two texts. One of these was identical to the other, which I only realised after the video was uploaded.

daird's playthrough: https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/...



Music courtesy of the YouTube Audio Library:
Beginnings (Intro) Tower of Light
LoopCaught Andrew Langdon
September Pass Asher Fulero
Wolf Mother Loopop
The Beaten Path Andrew Langdon
Gas Giant I Think I Can Help You
Heaven and Hell Jeremy Blake
Fortress Europe Dan Bodan
Average Patrick Patrikios
Dark Matter Chasms



Images of, and from:
Flag of Powys, Coat of arms of Powys AlexD, CC BYSA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons

Map of Medieval Wales Owj20, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Powys landscape near Foel Manfred Heyde, CC BYSA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Powys Cantrefi Aetheling1125, CC BYSA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

all other images are public domain, via the British Library, the National Library of Wales, and the Yale Center for British Art.