Use the link http://www.nordvpn.com/zefrank to get an exclusive NordVPN deal. To commemorate NordVPNs 11th birthday, for a limited time only you will also receive an additional mystery gift on top. ✌

merch: https://zetruestore.myshopify.com/
patreon:   / truefacts  
classical music:   / 5audiotrack1  
sponsor music: https://incompetech.com/

A Special thanks to Dr. Chris Barnhart. Dr. Barnhart’s video and pictures of freshwater mussels are impossible to miss if you research them even a little bit. Dr. Barnhart let us share his incredible (and hilarious) documentation of these amazing animals, and helped us avoid silly mistakes (like mispronouncing the entire Order). We would not have been able to make this episode without him.

Thank you to:
Dr Chris Barnhart, Missouri State University
Ryan Hagerty, US Fish & Wildlife Service
Brett Billings, US Fish & Wildlife Service
Tim Lane, Virginia Tech
Dr Tom Watters, Ohio State University
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Megan Bradley, US Fish & Wildlife Service
J. Scott Faiman
Kendell R. Loyd, Missouri State University
John McLeod, US Geological Survey
Dr Viktoria E Nikishchenko, FEB Russian Academy of Sciences
Dr. Elena Sayenko, FEB Russian Academy of Sciences
Yanling Cao, Shandong University
Dr. Constance RogersLowery, Catawba College
Jonathan Young
Matt Hill
Todd Fobian
SWGMUSSELS

Selected Citations:
Barnhart, Miles & Haag, Wendell & Roston, William. (2008). Adaptations to larval parasitism in the Unionoida. Journal of The North American Benthological Society J N AMER BENTHOL SOC. 27. 370394. 10.1899/07093.1.

Cao, YanLing & Liu, Xiongjun & Wu, Ruiwen & Xue, TaoTao & Li, Long & Zhou, ChunHua & Ouyang, Shan & Wu, XiaoPing. (2018). Conservation of the endangered freshwater mussel Solenaia carinata (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in China. Nature Conservation. 26. 10.3897/natureconservation.26.25334.

Fobian, Todd. (2007). Reproductive biology of the rabbitsfoot mussel (Quadrula cylindrica) (Say, 1817) in the upper Arkansas River system.

Loyd, Kendell. (2018). Synchronization of Reproduction in Deertoe Mussel (Truncilla truncata).

McLeod, John & Jelks, Howard & Pursifull, Sandra & Johnson, Nathan. (2017). Characterizing the early life history of an imperiled freshwater mussel ( Ptychobranchus jonesi ) with hostfish determination and fecundity estimation. Freshwater Science. 36. 000000. 10.1086/692096.

Nikishchenko, Viktoria & Sayenko, E. & Dyachuk, Vyacheslav. (2022). First Immunodetection of Sensory and Nervous Systems of Parasitic Larvae (Glochidia) of Freshwater Bivalve Nodularia douglasiae. Frontiers in Physiology. 13. 879540. 10.3389/fphys.2022.879540.

RogersLowery, Constance & Dimock, Ronald. (2006). Encapsulation of Attached Ectoparasitic Glochidia Larvae of Freshwater Mussels by Epithelial Tissue on Fins of Naive and Resistant Host Fish. The Biological bulletin. 210. 5163. 10.2307/4134536.

Sayenko, E. & Kazarin, V. (2022). Sample preparation of glochidial shells (Bivalvia, Unionidae) for scanning electron microscopy. Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal. 32. 720. 10.35885/ruthenica.2022.32(1).2.

Watters, G. Thomas. “Morphology of the Conglutinate of the Kidneyshell Freshwater Mussel, Ptychobranchus Fasciolaris.” Invertebrate Biology 118, no. 3 (1999): 289–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226998.