On the darkest of nights, free from the glow of the moon and the haze of light pollution, a stunning, striking formation can be seen imprinted upon the sky. That imprint is our galaxy the Milky Way. Our galaxy is a giant, which extends for hundreds of thousands of light years. But by measuring the motions and velocities of the stars in our neighbourhood, both their past and future trajectories can be extrapolated revealing the history of the Milky Way.

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SOUNDTRACK: Music by Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/
Aurora: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/libra...
Petrichor: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/libra...
In Search of Solitude: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/libra...
Decoherence: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/libra...
The Things That Keep Us Here: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/libra...

FOOTAGE:
The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:
http://spaceengine.org/
Get SpaceEngine on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/31...

Simulations of the Galaxy: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
EMOSAICS:    • L’ascesa della galassia centrale  
Sagittarius Graphic:    • Sagittarius dwarf galaxy interaction ...  
Sagittarius Stream Simulation from Archive:    • Formation of the Sagittarius stream i...  

Multiple graphic sequences were provided by Vecteezy.com
Pro License Holder: https://www.vecteezy.com/members/sea...

Other graphics, including images, videos and visualisations, are public domain content provided by NASA and the ESA.
NASA GSFC: https://www.nasa.gov/goddard
ESA: https://www.esa.int

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Quanta Magazine History of the Milky Way: The New History of the Milky Way | Quanta Magazine
Milky Way Background Research: https://www.space.com/19915milkyway...
Hipparcos Mission: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/hipparcos
Gaia Mission: https://www.esa.int/Science_Explorati...
Milky Way Family Tree: https://www.sciencealert.com/thecoll...
Kraken Reveals Itself: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
ESA Release on Gaia Enceladus: https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia//60892...
GaiaEnceladus Discovery: https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.06038
Gaia Blob Discovery: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.11347
Sequoia: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
Detailed Study on the Helmi Stream: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/ful...
ESA on Milky Way Facts and Sagittarius: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESAC/Fiv...


CHAPTERS:
0:00 Welcome
1:49 Our Home Galaxy
4:37 Mapping the Milky Way
7:20 Globular Clusters
9:14 Kraken
11:00 GaiaEnceladus
13:30 NGC2808
15:17 Omega Centauri
16:17 The Sequoia Galaxy
18:11 The Helmi Stream
20:32 Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy
23:55 Conclusion