Modern archaeology and science have revealed new insights into the real driving forces behind Viking raids, highlighting their planning and execution for maximum profit and psychological impact. The discovery of two Viking burial sites in Estonia, dating back at least a century before the first recorded Viking raid, indicates that Scandinavian warriors raided much earlier than previously believed. Analysis of these burial sites showed evidence of brutal combat, with skeletons exhibiting multiple battle wounds and decapitation marks, confirming the violent nature of Viking expeditions. Despite their reputation for violence, the true nature of Viking society was complex, involving plunder, trade, and settlement.

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