While mammals may dominate the globe with over 5,000 species, Arabia tells a different story—here, reptiles reign supreme. The region is home to 172 reptile species, more than half of which are unique to Arabia. From the twofoot vegetarian dhub and formidable monitor lizard to nightvision geckos and sea turtles that only come ashore to lay eggs, the diversity is striking. As coldblooded creatures, they bask in the sun to regulate their temperature, acting like living solar panels, which allows them to thrive in resourcescarce environments. For instance, the deadly Diadem snake survives on just 50% of its body weight in food annually. As the sun moves, species adapt their behaviors—from the venomous sea snake waiting for high tide to the nocturnal loggerhead turtle emerging at night. Notably, the Arabian Chameleon uses its quick sticky tongue to hunt spiders, highlighting the adaptability of these remarkable reptiles.

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