Mark Twain, had a tough childhood in rural Missouri and had to leave school at the age of 12 after his father died.

His colourful descriptions of a new and evolving nation and the rollicking tales of his travels around the globe are full of his irrepressible humour, but late in life his optimism deserted him when he faced financial ruin and lost his wife and two of his daughters. His writing turned darker, and he developed a strange fascination with teenage girls.

In this biography of one of America’s best loved writers and most beguiling characters, we explore whether Mark Twain, the eternal optimist, became a bitter and twisted old man as some have suggested, or retained the cheery, lighthearted persona that produced the books that have entertained and enchanted millions for over 150 years.

Part One focussed on the first 32 years of life, but this video focusses on his maturity, his marriage to Livy, his years of stability writing his most famous works and his travels as a lecturer and popular celebrity – the good years. But also how things started to go wrong with the tragic loss of three of his four children, his disastrous investments and bankruptcy and how he found the strength to carry on.

Finding Out More
I found Ron Powers biography, Mark Twain – a Life to be detailed and comprehensive without being too academic. There are other biographies that provide different viewpoints on his life and Mark Twain’s autobiography, which is very entertaining, if not entirely reliable! I have listed some of the best of these on my Amazon Store Page. https://www.amazon.com/shop/professor...

Academic References
Amare, N., & Manning, A. (2017). The Mormon Entombed in Mark Twain’s Heart: Ina Coolbrith and Samuel Clemens. Mark Twain Journal, 55(1/2), 159192.
Csicsila, J. (2018). The England Trip of 1872: Mark Twain's First Season in Hell. The Mark Twain Annual, 16(1), 110.
Gribben, A. (1972). Mark Twain, phrenology and the" temperaments": A study of pseudoscientific influence. American Quarterly, 24(1), 4568.
Harris, S. K. (1985). Mark Twain's Bad Women. Studies in American Fiction, 13(2), 157168.
Jones, A. E. (1956). Mark Twain and sexuality. PMLA, 71(4Part1), 595616.
Richers, J. E., & Cicchetti, D. (1993). Mark Twain meets DSMIIIR: Conduct disorder, development, and the concept of harmful dysfunction. Development and Psychopathology, 5(12), 529.
Selby, P. O. (1980). Osteopathy and Mark Twain. Mark Twain Journal, 20(3), 2425.


Copyright Disclaimer
The primary purpose of this video is educational. I have tried to use material in the public domain or with Creative Commons Nonattribution licences wherever possible. Where attribution is required, I have listed this below. I believe that any copyright material used falls under the remit of Fair Use, but if any content owners would like to dispute this, I will not hesitate to immediately remove that content. It is not my intention to infringe on content ownership in any way. If you happen to find your art or images in the video, please let me know and I will be glad to credit you.

Images
Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons
Wellcome Collection
Library of Congress
Mark Twain House and Museum, Hartford, Ct.
Internet Archive

Music
Louis Moreau Gottschalk Le Bananier Public domain
Louis Moreau Gottschalk Tournament Galop Rampart Winds of the United States Air Force Academy Band Public domain
Frédéric Chopin Nocturne op 32 no 1 Constantin Stephan CC4.0
The Cow Boy Rag – Bobby Heath, Charley O'Donnell The Cowboy Rag
Claude Paul Taffanel Wind Quintet in G minor Andante The Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet CC2.0
Johann Sebastian Bach Partita For Solo Flute, a minor (BWV 1013). Scott Goff, flute
Debussy Rêverie Arr for Soprano saxophone and piano David Hernando Vitores
Mark Gustavson A Fool’s Journey CC3.0
Ludwig van Beethoven Octet The Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet CC2.0
Growth/Decay Density and Time CC0
City Walk John Pattucci CC0 YouTube
Camille SaintSaëns: Carnival of the Animals: Neil and Nancy O'Doan, Seattle Youth Symphony, conducted by Vilem Sokol. CC2.0
Gustav Mahler: Mahler Symphony No. 5, Peabody Symphony Orchestra CC0
Felix Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream Op. 61 Wedding March: European Archive (Public Domain)
Edward Elgar: Enigma variations Halle Orchestra John Barbirolli – rec. 1947 (public domain)
Claude Debussy Cake Walk from Children's Corner eldüendesüarez CC4.0
Video produced by Graeme Yorston and Tom Yorston.