Welsh mythology and Welsh history are filled with stories of animals that have long been extinct in this country. The history of Wales is marked with the influence of 3 animals in particular, the bear, the boar, and the wolf. In this video I will be discussing their appearance in various stories across Welsh mythology, from Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'History of the Kings', to Culhwch and Olwen's tale in the Mabinogion, and the tragic story of Llywelyn and Gelert.

Reference List:
Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh classical dictionary : people in history and legend up to about A.D. 1000. Aberystwyth National Library of Wales.

O’Regan, H.J. (2018). The presence of the brown bear Ursus arctosin Holocene Britain: a review of the evidence. Mammal Review, [online] 48(4), pp.229–244. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...

Maroo, S. and Yalden, D.W. (2000). The Mesolithic mammal fauna of Great Britain. Mammal Review, [online] 30(34), pp.243–248. Available at: http://www.ceacb.ucl.ac.uk/cultureclu...

Richards, M. (1972). Some Welsh placenames containing elements which are found in Continental Celtic. Etudes Celtiques, [online] 13(1), p.371. Available at: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373...

Zimmer, S. (2009). The name of Arthur – a new etymology. Journal of Celtic Linguistics, [online] 13, pp.131–136. Available at: https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Zimmer_(St...

AYBES, C. and YALDEN, D.W. (1995). Placename evidence for the former distribution and status of Wolves and Beavers in Britain. Mammal Review, [online] 25(4), pp.201–226. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...

Nilsen, E.B., MilnerGulland, E.J., Schofield, L., Mysterud, A., Stenseth, N.C. and Coulson, T. (2007). Wolf reintroduction to Scotland: public attitudes and consequences for red deer management. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, [online] 274(1612), pp.995–1003. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

Map Atrribution:
© OpenStreetMap contributors, licensed under CC BYSA: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright.
Contains OS data © Crown Copyright and database right 2022

Music:
I Don't See the Branches, I See the Leaves, It's Always Too Late to Start Over by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/dtv/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/dtv/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Image Attribution (in order of appearance):
Wolf:
"A London encyclopaedia, or universal dictionary of science, art, literature and practical mechanics" by Curtis, Thomas.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/interne...
https://www.flickr.com/commons

Boar:
"A wild boar standing in a forest clearing in front of a rock" by J. E. Ridinger.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...

Bear:
"BEAR AND YOUNG BATHING" by Alfred Brehm, Wilhelm Haacke, Eduard PechuëlLoesche and Richard Schmidtlein.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...

King Arthur:
Source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...

Dyfynwal Moelmud Source: Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru – The National Library of Wales. http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654 (p 43)

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Moccus:
"Aulerques Eburovices (Région d'Évreux) Bronze à l'enseigne de sanglier" by cgb.
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moccus
Licensed under CC BYSA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...

Skull and Crossbones: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...

Beaver:
"Castor fiber eating in Eskilstuna, Sweden" by Hangsna.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BYSA 4.0

Membyr ap Madog Source: Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru – The National Library of Wales. http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654 (p 31)

Llywelyn:
Source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...

Cunedda, Maelgwn Source: Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales. http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654'>http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4396654 (p 41, 204)

Brynach:"Our Lady and Saint Non's chapel ( St Davids, Wales )" by Wolfgang Sauber.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BYSA 3.0

Dewi Sant:"Stained Glass Depiction of Saint David" by Hchc2009. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BYSA 4.0

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