This CRISPR animation visualizes how the CRISPR/Cas immune system was identified in bacteria and how the CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed for genome editing. This CRISPR animation also covers the history of gene editing, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activatorlike effector nuclease (TALE nucleases, TALEN). A history of Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Francisco Mojica, David Liu, and their contributions are described, such as the development of base editing and prime editing. We also go beyond just cutting DNA and discuss how CRISPR turns gene expression on (CRISPR activation, CRISPRa) and off (CRISPR inhibition, CRISPRi) to fluorescently tagging particular sequences (e.g. GFP). This animation explores some of the exciting possibilities of CRISPRCas9 biotechnology, including designer babies, genetically modified humans, the end of diseases, and genetic engineering.
But what is CRISPRCas9? An animated introduction to Gene Editing.

This video was made by Harrison Ngue, student at Harvard University, as the final project for the course Chemistry 177: The Chemistry, Biology, and Societal Implications of Genome Editing, taught by Professor David Liu and Aditya Raguram. Special thanks to both for providing feedback on this video!

Contents:
0:00 What is Gene Editing?
2:35 Discovery of CRISPR
5:31 CRISPRCas9 Technology
7:01 PAM Sequence
8:03 Modern Gene Editing

These biology animations and chemistry animations are largely made using Adobe Premiere Pro and Adobe After Effects, along with the 3blue1brown custom Python library, Manim. Icons, drawing, and chemical structures were designed using BioRender and ChemDraw.

Music:
Pure Water by Meydän
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Forever Sunrise by Jonny Easton
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Powerhouse of the Cell (formerly Primo Science), founded by Harrison Ngue, aims to teach science using animation and a visualsfirst approach. If you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe.

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